Oxford: A vile architectural abortion 01 December 06
A few weeks ago I managed to upset the good people of Hereford by calling their city a "clone town", a judgement based on the overwhelming number of chain stores - Starbucks, McDonald's, Virgin Megastore and the like - that have hounded out vir tually all independent business. Although one correspondent has threatened to report me to the mayor (are they going to burn an effigy of me outside Gap?) I stand by the piece. The point was not to knock Hereford in particular, but to lament the way in which so many of our towns are losing their identity under the homogenising steamroller of global consumerism.
A prescient report from the New Economics Foundation, entitled Clone Town Britain, lists my home town – Oxford – as a hybrid, part clone, part unique. This is accurate: a visit to the vibrant Covered Market, with its craft shops, cafés and excellent butchers, gives a different impression from a walk down the crowded clone arteries of Cornmarket and Queen Street. Venture into the Clarendon or Westgate Centres, with their Nexts, Gaps and Coffee Republics, and you are sucked into a placeless globocorp, where the dreaming spires and students on bicycles seem as far away as Kathmandu.
The city council, however, is not happy. It feels that it is unacceptable for Oxford to be a mere hybrid. Our citizens – sorry, “consumers” – deserve the full Monty. We need total clone status, and we need it now. The council recently commissioned consultants to help identify gaps in its “retail strategy”; the wise men reported that what Oxford needs is another department store. The council feels that Oxford needs to be “competitive” with neighbouring Swindon. Unless we have as much acreage devoted to mega-malls as they do, our consumers might motor down the A420 to spend their money there. The conclusion: unless we convert ourselves into a Slough with spires, our economy is doomed.
So we need more malls. But where to site them? Out-of-town retail development is out of fashion, so the town centre must be sacrificed. A large area around the old prison has already been redeveloped, a great success for the clone revolution. Among the upmarket outlets of Carluccio’s, La Tasca, Pizza Express and, er, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, there is not a single independent outlet to be found. But wait – it’s still not enough. We need tens of thousands more square metres of retail space to make Oxford really come alive. Luckily the council has some land it can offer, behind the existing Westgate Centre, a grim series of car parks. These will make way for a mall double the size of the current one, with space enough for 90 new shops, bars and restaurants. The City Library will be refurbished, but will have (ahem) a little less space for books. An underground multi-storey car park will be constructed so that no one has to suffer the indignity of getting the bus. Maybe we can even tempt Swindon’s consumers to drive all the way along the A420 to Oxford. That’ll teach them.
The developer – the Westgate Partnership (of Capital Shopping Centres plc and LaSalle Investment Management) – even provides for biodiversity in its planning application. “A rooftop garden at the heart of the development will provide a local habitat for wildlife and a unique location for a restaurant operator.” Oxford’s pigeons will be delighted. And we get our desperately needed department store: a four-storey John Lewis will be plonked on Thames Street. Motorists will be able to get lifts from the car park without going outside and breathing in everyone else’s fumes.
I went to the council to view the plan, following an appeal from a Green councillor urging objectors to write to the planning minister, Yvette Cooper, and ask for the government to pull the decision while there is time. The receptionist piled up the files on the table (the document runs to 6,000 pages), and I scanned through them. You can also go to www.westgateoxford.co.uk.
To call the proposed building monstrous would be to do an injustice to its ugliness. It is worse: this development is an airport-style architectural abortion of exceptional vileness. One could ask, given that we have maybe ten years to save the planet, whether a new temple to consumerism is the best use of £300m. One could ask, but the council would have no answer.
[By Mark Lynas. This article was first published in the New Statesman.]
Comments
William Ross
December 1st, 2006 at 07:49 PM
Here’s an interesting thing. The little town where I live – Ulverston, in Cumbria – is almost completely intact. It has three chain shops, but the rest is as it should be: biweekly market, five tiny bakers, three fruit and veg shops, a butcher selling rare breed sausages, a fish man with the local catch, the best health food shop I know, eight little cafes and twenty pubs, and all in the space of four or five cobbled streets. I defy you to find a better custard slice in the world, and you can even get your organic jeans from the skate-punk shop. It a great place.
Apart from the fact that it’s an ancient market town well out of the way of anywhere and too far from the M6 to get many tourists, there are three good and rather awkward reasons for this:
The local council is incompetent at best and corrupt at worst, but it is not stupid and it knows that small traders are the bones of the town. The big-shed chains are frequently turned down when they apply to open on the edge of the town.
Booths is an excellent supermarket but it’s really very expensive so most people don’t go there.
GlaxoSmithKline have a chemical plant just outside town. I don’t know what they make there, but it looks pharmaceutical. They employ hundreds of people, so those people don’t have to drive to Barrow for work, and don’t do their shopping at Asda on their way home.
So maybe the cloning of Britain is yet another thing we can blame on the car. As well as people’s fondness for buying plastic shit in big sheds for the lowest possible price, of course. Me, I use ebay for that.
Douglas Coker
December 1st, 2006 at 08:41 PM
Your piece in today’s NS was very good Mark. Hereford and Oxford not the only places this is happening. Here in Enfield we have a huge new extension to the town centre “consumer experience facility”. Palace Exchange they call it! Quite why we need more shops completely escapes me. The only possible benefit is the new larger BOOK SHOP.
All that steel, all that concrete, all those those over-lit, over-heated shops with air conditioning selling all that stuff that we don’t really need and are likely to discard sooner rather than later. Bonkers! And the extra car traffic this will generate … !
A CO2 calculation on this unnecessary extravaganza would illustrate why this kind of development is an example of the unsustainable trajectory we are on.
2006 has seen some progress on AGW/CC but we still need a really dramatic breakthrough which galvanises us; citizens, business and government into really effective action.
Douglas Coker
Robert Bengtsson
December 2nd, 2006 at 08:32 PM
Coming from across the atlantic to Britain after a few years abscence, I couldn’t help but notice the change. Traffic congestion way up, retail chain stores everywhere and the rise of the mega mall. I can be accused of being biased, but I didn’t like the changes. Your country is heading hell bent for a jounior America status. I mean, it is becoming an America clone. Sad to see so many small shops dead and gone. I looked in vain for many of my old shopping places. All gone, run out by chains. Bad as that may be, it was the rise of the automobile that disturbed me most! Really seeing the countryside savaged by road construction and massed traffic jams. Of course I see this here in America and also all over Europe. My grandparents home village in Sweden, once nestled in the pristine woods of Scandinavia, now has a mass motorway withing eye and earshot! The amount of woods and farmland leveled to make an interchange near the village was a real shock. Five Swedish farmers could have made a living off of the land devoted to quick entry and exit from the motorway. One feels doomed when one sees the progress , as some might call it!
Lynn Vincentnathan
December 3rd, 2006 at 04:06 PM
My husband & I went to a academic conference in LA last month. I was excited about staying in the Sheraton, since I remember as a kid staying there with my family nearly 50 years ago. But it wasn’t the same hotel, and it seems nearly everything has been torn down and rebuilt (also the hotel where RFK was assassinated).
However, they’ve done a beautiful job with wonderful postmodern architecture, & there are lots of intriguing places in that glass&steel&artistic urban-space, and one feels tempted to wander & explore, as if in a forest. Some building complexes have beautiful fountains & ponds, layers & terraces. I was moved by the artistry put into it all, that seemed to go way above the call of the profit-motive.
Someone was playing a grand piano in a complex honey-comb food court, where we got unique & tasty omelettes (they also had McDonalds). My husband bought 3 long-sleeve dress shirts on sale at Macy’s for $12 each. The shops and stores are not expensive.
And they have a great subway system with trains every 10-15 minutes to all sorts of locations in LA, including Hollywood, etc. And it’s relatively cheap (I think $1.25).
Only problem is that except for us conference-goers the downtown was deserted, and the subways, underused. No pollution either!
Now I know a lot of people live in LA, but where were they?
Probably out in their cars driving around behind other cars’ exhaust fumes in the ugly suburbs, going from suburb to suburb, looking for parking places, so they could pay double for those dress shirts & omelettes.
Paul Kingsnorth
December 4th, 2006 at 03:42 PM
AS a fellow Oxford resident I can’t help but feel the same way. The only good thing is that it won’t last. This from the poet Robinson Jeffers:
Summer Holiday
When the sun shouts and people abound One thinks there were the ages of stone and the age of bronze And the iron age; iron the unstable metal; Steel made of iron, unstable as his mother; the towered-up cities Will be stains of rust on mounds of plaster. Roots will not pierce the heaps for a time, kind rains will cure them, Then nothing will remain of the iron age And all these people but a thigh-bone or so, a poem Stuck in the world’s thought, splinters of glass In the rubbish dumps, a concrete dam far off in the mountain…
www.paulkingsnorth.net/blog.html
Paul Kingsnorth
December 4th, 2006 at 03:44 PM
Although poetry is not quite as effective if your comment facility doesn’t do line breaks…
Looks better here:
www.paulkingsnorth.net/blog.html